Calculation in Kind and Substantive Rationality
重新审视社会主义计算辩论中纽拉特的激进立场与韦伯的批评，论证实物计算虽不符合形式理性，但对评估实质理性不可或缺，并指出纽拉特与韦伯的隐含共识被卡普用于生态经济学。
Far from having become a dusty museum piece the socialist calculation debate continues to afford a focus for explorations of the conceptual foundations for challenges to orthodox political economy. Here Otto Neurath’s radical stance in the socialist calculation debate will be considered in the light of the criticism it received from Max Weber. It will be argued, first, that while what he called “calculation in kind” fails the demands of what Weber called the “formal” rationality of economic action in conditions of complex industrial societies, it is indispensable for assessing potential and actual outcomes in terms of what Weber called “substantive rationality.” It will then be argued that, while Neurath’s proposals for marketless socialism fell by the wayside, the point of implicit agreement between Neurath and Weber was recognized by K. William Kapp and made a central element of his ecological economics.