Resource-richness and economic growth in contemporary U.S.
研究了1997-2014年间美国转基因作物和页岩油气技术革命对州级收入的影响，发现页岩革命提升了资源丰富州的收入，而农业州的收入增长则部分归因于2005年能源政策法案带来的需求增加。
We study the effects of energy innovation and policy on income growth. Between 1997 and 2014, US corn, soybean, and cotton production almost fully converted to genetically modified crops. Starting around 2007, improved tight oil and shale gas technologies turned the declining US fossil fuel production into a booming industry. We study the effects of these two resource technology revolutions on US state income. We find that the shale revolution increased income in states abundant in oil and gas resources. States dependent on agricultural production also saw an increase in income, which we, however, attribute not only to the GM innovation but to a demand increase brought by the Energy Policy Act of 2005.