Detecting advance fee fraud emails using self-referential pronouns: A preliminary analysis
研究预付费欺诈邮件（419邮件）的结构和语言特征，发现第一人称单数代词出现频率是普通邮件的7倍，为欺诈检测提供新线索。
We promote awareness of the features of emails that propose advanced fee fraud schemes. These are commonly known as 419 emails (after Section 419 of the Nigerian Penal Code). We outline the structural features of 419 emails and conduct a preliminary study of their distinctive linguistic features, using word frequency counts and DICTION text analysis software. We find that the incidence of first person singular pronouns is seven times greater in 419 emails than non-419 emails. We suggest elements of a future research agenda that can build on our preliminary results to help reduce advanced fee fraud.