Competitive differential pricing
分析了在寡头市场中，差异化定价相对于统一定价对消费者剩余、利润和总福利的影响，发现竞争性差异化定价通常有益但并非总是如此，且竞争对手增多会扩大消费者的收益份额。
Abstract We analyze welfare under differential versus uniform pricing across oligopoly markets that differ in costs of service, and establish general demand conditions for differential pricing by symmetric firms to increase consumer surplus, profit, and total welfare. The analysis reveals why competitive differential pricing is generally beneficial—more than price discrimination—but not always, including why profit may fall, unlike for monopoly. The presence of more competitors tends to enlarge consumers' share of the gain from differential pricing, though profits often still rise. When firms have asymmetric costs, however, profit or consumer surplus can fall even with ‘simple’ linear demands.