Personalization in Email Marketing: The Role of Noninformative Advertising Content
与三家公司合作进行随机田野实验，发现邮件中添加收件人姓名等非信息性个性化内容能显著提升打开率、销售线索并降低退订率，对设计广告活动的企业有明确启示。
In collaboration with three companies selling a diverse set of products, we conducted randomized field experiments in which experimentally tailored email ads were sent to millions of individuals. We found consistently that personalizing the emails by adding consumer-specific information (e.g., recipient’s name) benefited the advertisers. Importantly, such content is not likely to be informative about the advertised product or the company. In our main experiment, we found that adding the name of the message recipient to the email’s subject line increased the probability of the recipient opening it by 20% (from 9.05% to 10.80%), which translated to an increase in sales’ leads by 31% (from 0.39% to 0.51%) and a reduction in the number of individuals unsubscribing from the email campaign by 17% (from 1.2% to 1.0%). We present similar experiments conducted with other companies, which show that the effects we document extend from objectives ranging from acquiring new customers to retaining customers who have purchased from the company in the past. Our investigation of several possible mechanisms suggests that such content increases the effort consumers make in processing the other content in the rest of the advertising message. Our paper quantifies the benefits from personalization and sheds light on the role of noninformative advertising content by analyzing several detailed measures of recipient’s interaction with the message. It provides external validity to psychological mechanisms and has clear implications for the firms that are designing their advertising campaigns. Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2017.1066 .