Working While Studying: A Bad Decision?
研究了西班牙高中生边工作边学习对学业表现的影响，发现第一年工作会显著降低通过率、增加留级或辍学概率，且未考虑选择偏差会低估这种负面效应。
I analyze the effect of working while studying on the performance of Spanish students in upper secondary education. Using education and labor histories, I construct the students’ grade performance as passing, repeating, or dropping out. I estimate the effect of working while studying from the first year the students are enrolled through their year of graduation. I find that working while studying substantially reduces the probability of passing and increases the probability of repeating or dropping out during their first year of upper secondary education. Not accounting for selection into working while studying would lead to underestimating the detrimental effect of working. Sensitivity analysis shows that the results are robust.