Economic production quantity (EPQ) model with partial backordering and a discount for imperfect quality batches
提出了一个考虑部分缺货和次品批次折扣的经济生产批量模型，通过数值例子分析变量变化对总成本的影响，帮助管理者制定战略决策。
Economic production quantity (EPQ) models are traditionally used in operations management. Despite the large number of papers that describe the models, the classic EPQ model does not consider either imperfect quality batches or shortages. However, some industries may be able to sell imperfect items for a lower price, reducing the total production cost. This paper proposes an EPQ model with partial backordering and discount for imperfect quality batches and an algorithm that returns optimal values for the problem. From a numerical example, it is possible to analyse how the changes in the variables affect each part of the total cost function, which provides a useful tool for strategic decision-making. We conclude that it is better to sell imperfect items as soon as possible because the savings in holding costs results in a total cost reduction. It is more profitable for the producer to have planned shortages considering that some costumers are willing to wait. Furthermore, the reduction of the goodwill cost does not necessarily reduce the total cost.