Incentives and deterrents for drug-taking behaviour in elite sports: a holistic and developmental approach
本研究基于Push Pull Anti-push Anti-pull框架和整体运动生涯模型，通过访谈36名比利时精英运动员等，发现药物使用的激励与威慑因素存在于运动员发展的多个层面，且决策与生涯关键点相关，为反兴奋剂策略提供参考。
Research question: In order to gain a better understanding of the key decision factors that lead some athletes to use doping and others to stay clean, this study used the Push Pull Anti-push Anti-pull framework and the Holistic Athletic Career model as theoretical frameworks in order to capture the complex nature of this decision process.Research methods: Multiple qualitative methods (i.e. face-to-face interviews, focus group interviews, biographical analyses) were used to explore the perspectives of 36 Dutch-speaking Belgian (former) elite athletes, 5 elite coaches, 4 doping ‘experts’, and 3 self-admitted doping users. Data were analysed using deductive content analysis.Results and findings: Incentives as well as deterrents for doping use, including both current factors and perceived future risks or benefits, were found at different levels of athletes’ development (i.e. athletic, psychological, psychosocial, financial, and policy levels). Furthermore, the decision to use doping was found to be related to critical points during athletes’ career.Implications: Detailed insight into the complex decision whether or not to use doping can assist stakeholders in high performance management in the development of preventive anti-doping strategies.