Beyond the management–employee dyad: supply chain initiatives in shipping
研究石油航运业中货主、船公司管理层与海员之间的三角关系，揭示供应链压力下管理层压榨海员、海员隐瞒缺陷与造假，以及偶尔利用供应链杠杆维护自身权益的复杂动态。
Abstract This article examines supply chain health and safety initiatives in the oil shipping industry. In particular, it explores the triangular relationships between ship cargo clients, shipping company management and seafarers and reveals the inherent complexities and tensions involved. It shows that while managers capitalise on the supply chain pressure to squeeze more effort out of seafarers, seafarers tend to adhere to the corporate line colluding with managers to hide defects and falsify records. Nevertheless, seafarers occasionally use the supply chain leverage to their advantage by tactically exposing ship defects during ship inspections.