Changes in Global Trade Patterns and Women's Employment in Manufacturing, 1995–2011
研究了1995至2011年三十个国家制造业中女性就业的 feminization 和 defeminization 趋势，通过结构分解分析和要素含量分析，识别了贸易结构变化对女性就业率的影响，发现全球北方低技术产业贸易导致女性就业下降，全球南方高技术产业存在性别偏见。
This study investigates the feminization and defeminization trends in manufacturing employment in thirty countries from 1995 to 2011. Utilizing two separate methods, structural decomposition analysis (SDA) and factor content analysis (FCA), the study identifies the major industries and trade partners behind the structural shifts in trade that have induced changes in employment and thus in the rates of women’s employment. The findings highlight that, as a general trend, defeminization in manufacturing has persisted in the Global North, led by a negative trade impact in low-technology industries. In the Global South, feminization and defeminization trends are not as straightforward. Despite positive changes in women’s share of employment in medium-high- and high-technology industries, negative gender bias effects of trade changes are found particularly in high-technology industries, where occupations are notably gendered.