How Is Public Housing Policy Implemented in China? A Tentative Analysis of the Local Implementation of Four Major Programs
构建路径-激励模型分析中央与地方关系，基于1998-2013年中国四大公共住房政策案例，发现强自上而下激励促使地方积极试验，从而完善政策路径与机制。
One challenge that policy implementation studies face is how to build a structural framework using different variables. This article constructs a path-incentive model of implementation as an analytical framework with which to examine the relationship between central and local government. It consists of two key variables: policy path and incentive. The model embraces four types of implementation: administrative implementation, experimental implementation, flexible implementation, and symbolic implementation. Based on a case study of China’s major public housing policies from 1998 to 2013, the article finds that even if policy goals and the implementation path are sometimes unclear, a strong top-down incentive mechanism will encourage local governments to actively engage in policy experiments. This local explorative approach can enhance an understanding of the policy environment and avoid apportioning blame to the central government for defective policy making. In China, policy implementation not only turns policy goals into real outcomes but also is a means of improving policy paths and incentive mechanisms.