Voids or Fragmentation: Moral Responsibility For Collective Outcomes
研究了制度规则下道德责任分配中的责任空白与责任碎片化问题，发现非独裁决策程序只有在允许责任碎片化时才能避免责任空白。
Institutional rules create difficulties for the allocation of moral responsibility. One problem is the existence of responsibility voids, i.e. situations in which an outcome results from individual interactions but for which no one is responsible. Another is that responsibility can be fragmented in the sense that responsibility-bearing individuals may be responsible for different features of the outcome. This study examines both problems together. We show that for a large class of situations the two problems are logically dependent. More precisely, non-dictatorial decision procedures can only ensure the absence of voids if they allow for the fragmentation of responsibility.