Understanding the distributional impacts of health insurance reform: Evidence from a consumer cost‐sharing program
研究加州公务员退休系统实施的参考定价改革对患者和保险公司支出分布的异质性影响，发现分位数处理效应因医疗程序而异，且保险公司支出分布左移，尾部降幅最大。
We examine the heterogeneous effects of reference pricing, a health insurance reform introduced by the California Public Employees' Retirement System (CalPERS), on the distribution of spending by patients and insurers. Using medical claims data for CalPERS and a comparison group not subject to reference pricing, we use the changes-in-changes approach to estimate the quantile treatment effects of the program across different medical procedures. We find that the quantile treatment effects vary across the patient spending distributions, with a range of positive and negative estimates of the QTE, depending on the medical procedure considered. However, across all procedures, the insurer's spending distributions tend to shift left, with the largest reductions occurring in the right-tail of the spending distributions. These effects are not captured by mean estimates but have important policy implications.