Publishing, patenting, and standardization: Motives and barriers of scientists
调查了德国联邦材料研究与测试研究所129名研究人员，比较了他们在发表论文、申请专利和参与标准化活动中的动机与障碍，发现发表是基础活动，专利受商业化驱动，标准化则主要源于内在动机。
In this paper, we analyze the motives and barriers of researchers to engage in standardization in comparison with publishing and patenting. We conduct a survey on 129 researchers at the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, one of Germany's largest federal research institutes. The resultant dataset enables us to study not only the researchers' motives and barriers but also the effect of those motives and barriers on the extent to which the respective activities are undertaken. We find that publishing constitutes a baseline activity. By contrast, patenting is driven by commercialization motives, and standardization is mainly fostered by intrinsic motivation. With respect to the barriers, we find that they are mostly inherent to the activity itself or the system in which it is performed. Finally, we discuss several options to develop a more integrative incentive system to exploit the possible synergies between standardization and publishing and patenting.