Four Conceptions of Equal Opportunity
识别了平等机会理想的四种不同解释，并指出它们都值得商榷，认为平等机会规范在某些情况下只是实现正义目标的手段，而非本身具有道德价值。
Equality of opportunity is widely endorsed but subject to conflicting interpretations. This article identifies four non‐equivalent interpretations of the equality of opportunity ideal. Under scrutiny, all are contestable. The suggestion is broached that equality opportunity norms are best regarded as, in some circumstances, means to further justice goals, never rather as in themselves morally desirable.