How does retirement affect healthcare expenditures? Evidence from a change in the retirement age
利用匈牙利女性提前退休年龄提高的政策变化，发现退休短期内使门诊、住院和药品支出的参与率分别下降3.0、1.4和1.3个百分点，且效应集中在健康较好、有病假和低教育群体。
Using individual-level administrative panel data from Hungary, we estimate causal effects of retirement on outpatient and inpatient care expenditures and pharmaceutical expenditures. Our identification strategy is based on an increase in the official early retirement age of women, using that the majority of women retire upon reaching that age. According to our descriptive results, people who are working before the early retirement age have substantially lower healthcare expenditures than nonworkers, but the expenditure gap declines after retirement. Our causal estimates from a two-part (hurdle) model show that the shares of women with positive outpatient care, inpatient care, and pharmaceutical expenditures, respectively, decrease by 3.0, 1.4, and 1.3 percentage points in the short run due to retirement. These results are driven by the relatively healthy, by those who spent some time on sick leave and by the less educated. The effect of retirement on the size of positive healthcare expenditures is generally not significant.