The effects of R&D subsidies and network embeddedness on R&D output: evidence from the German biotech industry
研究了德国生物技术产业中研发补贴对专利产出的影响，发现补贴确实增加了专利产出，且参与多个项目有额外好处，但补贴金额仅在特定条件下显著，同时企业在网络中的中心度越高，研发成功概率越大。
Although policy makers subsidize firms’ R&D projects to increase innovational output in an industry, region, or country, it remains unclear whether such subsidization triggers additional R&D efforts or crowds out private investments. To address this question, we assess the effectiveness of subsidization for individual and collaborative research in the German biotech industry while also examining the relevance of network embeddedness for patent output. Our results indicate that subsidies do lead to increased patent output, with additional benefits from involvement in more than one project. However, the amount of money is only significant under certain circumstances. Also, it is higher degree centrality in the firm network that significantly increases R&D success.