Welfare economics, risk and uncertainty
本文回顾了风险与不确定性下的福利经济学，探讨了社会决策应如何对待风险厌恶、灾难规避和模糊厌恶，比较了功利主义、事前平等主义和事后平等主义的优劣。
Abstract Social decisions in risky contexts raise a number of difficult questions, such as: (1) Should social decisions be more or less risk averse than the average person? (2) Should we try to avoid large catastrophes more than frequent but limited harms with similar expected impact? (3) Should social decisions be ambiguity averse or stick to the expected utility canon? This paper reviews the welfare economics of risk and uncertainty and examines possible answers to these questions, based on the pros and cons of utilitarianism, ex ante egalitarianism and ex post egalitarianism.