Misalignment of productivity and wages across regions: evidence from Belgium
利用比利时企业-员工匹配面板数据，估计地区对企业生产率、工资成本及成本竞争力的影响，发现地区间差异主要由个体和企业层面因素驱动，布鲁塞尔的服务业表现相对更优。
This paper is one of the first to estimate how regions affect the productivity, wage cost and cost competitiveness (i.e., the productivity–wage gap) of firms. Detailed linked employer–employee panel data for Belgium and the Hellerstein–Neumark framework are used to estimate dynamic models at the establishment level. The findings show that interregional differences in productivity and wages are significant, but to a large extent due to drivers at the individual and/or firm level. The research provides evidence that the specificity of the Brussels region can be linked to its higher density compared with the rest of Belgium. Robustness tests suggest that the relatively better ceteris paribus performance of firms in Brussels is limited to the service sector.