The early emergence of European commercial education in the nineteenth century: Insights from higher engineering schools
本文发现19世纪欧洲高等工程学校曾短暂提供商业与技术混合教育，早于传统商学院，但这一模式未受重视。
The setting of European commercial education has traditionally been addressed with reference to higher schools of commerce and faculties of business. This has not taken into account empirical evidence showing that, historically, higher engineering schools also offered a mixed education in mercantile and technical subjects to students who wanted to devote themselves to business. However, this type of schooling has received little attention. This article investigates how commercial departments from higher engineering schools constituted an initial, yet ephemeral, public attempt to build an engineering model of commercial education that closely combined mercantile and technical instruction well before the twentieth century.