How the Reformulation of OxyContin Ignited the Heroin Epidemic
研究发现2010年8月奥施康定防滥用配方改革后，消费者转向廉价替代品海洛因，导致海洛因死亡率翻两番，且每预防一例阿片类药物死亡就新增一例海洛因死亡。
Abstract We attribute the recent quadrupling of heroin death rates to the August 2010 reformulation of an oft-abused prescription opioid, OxyContin. The new abuse-deterrent formulation led many consumers to substitute an inexpensive alternative, heroin. Using structural break techniques and variation in substitution risk, we find that opioid consumption stops rising in August 2010, heroin deaths begin climbing the following month, and growth in heroin deaths was greater in areas with greater prereformulation access to heroin and opioids. The reformulation did not generate a reduction in combined heroin and opioid mortality: each prevented opioid death was replaced with a heroin death.