Fast track to growth? Railway access, population growth and local displacement in 19th century Switzerland
研究了19世纪瑞士铁路通达对人口增长的影响，发现直接通达使年人口增长提高0.4个百分点，而附近无直接通达的市镇则出现类似幅度的增长下滑，表明铁路带来高度本地化的替代效应。
We study the effect of railway access on population growth in 19th century Switzerland. Our analysis is based on geo-referenced railway network information and an inconsequential units IV approach. Gaining direct railway access increased annual population growth by 0.4 percentage points, while municipalities in close vicinity but no direct access (i.e. 2–10 km distance) experienced a growth slump of similar magnitude. We interpret these findings as evidence of highly localised displacement effects related to railway connections.