Economic Effects of a Trade and Investment Boycott against South Africa
研究了三种经济制裁（出口抵制、石油禁运、减少投资）对南非经济的影响，发现短期制裁农业比工业更有效，长期则相反。
This paper deals with the effects of three types of economic sanctions on the South African economy: a boycott of South African export goods abroad, an oil embargo and a reduction in foreign investment in South Africa. The impacts of these measures on white incomes are compared to the effects of reducing racial discrimination in the labor market. It is concluded that an effective sanctions strategy may not be an efficient weapon to combat discrimination in the short run unless directed against agriculture rather than industry, since politically influential groups have strong connections with the former sector. In the longer run, industrial sanctions may be more efficient, as agricultural interests move into industry to an increasing extent.