Entrepreneurs and innovation: The contingent role of institutional factors
研究了企业家个人因素（如风险承受力、警觉性、教育背景和创业经验）对新创企业创新的影响，发现这些影响取决于制度环境，经济自由度高的国家中个人因素的作用更强。
Entrepreneurs play a key role in introducing innovations into the market. However, the extant literature has found that the degree of innovation within new ventures varies considerably and that these differences can be related to the individual factors of entrepreneurs. In this article, we go one step further and suggest that the influence of individual factors on innovation is contingent on the institutional context. We use a sample of more than 140,000 entrepreneurs from 101 countries that have participated in the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) project between 2005 and 2015. Our results show that individual characteristics of the entrepreneur, such as risk tolerance, entrepreneurial alertness, education and previous entrepreneurial experience, influence innovation in new ventures but that their effect is reinforced by an institutional context with high economic freedom.