COMPETITIVENESS AND STRESS
通过两个实验，研究了竞争性与压力之间的关系，发现锦标赛制比计件制引发更高的皮质醇反应，且竞争性越强的人压力反应越大，但外生压力不影响竞争性。
Abstract This study explores the relationship between competitiveness and stress. In Experiment 1, we observe a higher response of cortisol—the primary stress hormone—to the computation task coupled with tournament than to the computation task with piece rate. Moreover, more competitive subjects exhibit higher stress responses than their less competitive counterparts in the computation tasks under both tournament and piece rate. In Experiment 2, we find that exogenously induced stress does not significantly affect competitiveness. Overall, our findings reveal an important trade‐off between tournament and piece rate in terms of stress response with implications on the design of incentive contracts.