Reconsidering the income‐health relationship using distributional regression
采用分布回归方法，发现收入与健康的关系比传统预期估计更大，低收入者面临更高的健康风险，基于德国社会经济面板数据，收入翻倍可使不良健康风险减半。
We reconsider the relationship between income and health taking a distributional perspective rather than one centered on conditional expectation. Using structured additive distributional regression, we find that the association between income and health is larger than generally estimated because aspects of the conditional health distribution that go beyond the expectation imply worse outcomes for those with lower incomes. Looking at German data from the Socio-Economic Panel, we find that the risk of bad health is roughly halved when doubling the net equivalent income from 15,000 to 30,000€. This is more than tenfold of the magnitude of change found when considering expected health measures. A distributional perspective thus highlights another dimension of the income-health relation-that the poor are in particular faced with greater health risk at the lower end of the health distribution. We therefore argue that when studying health outcomes, a distributional approach that considers stochastic variation among observationally equivalent individuals is warranted.