Do Voluntary Commons Associations Deliver Sustainable Grazing Outcomes? An Empirical Study of England
研究了英格兰1965年《公共登记法》后形成的自愿性公共协会对放牧可持续性的影响，发现这些协会显著提高了可持续放牧结果的可能性。
In 1965, the Commons Registration Act came into force in England and Wales. The Act led to the removal of the capacity of commoners to regulate the intensity of grazing via traditional legal means. From this policy shock a number of voluntary commons associations were formed. These voluntary groups relied on their members to agree upon how the commons should be managed. Using two-stage least squares regression analysis we find that commons governed by these associations are much more likely to produce sustainable grazing outcomes. These results are robust to the existence of a variety of controls, including overlapping institutional frameworks. Importantly, they highlight the ability of voluntary environmental organisations to deliver sustainable environmental outcomes.