The Long-Term Effects of Long Terms – Compulsory Schooling Reforms in Sweden
研究了瑞典两项增加小学教学时间的改革对收入、养老金和劳动力市场结果的长期影响，发现延长学年长度比增加义务教育年限的回报更大，且缩小了性别差距。
Abstract We evaluate the impact on earnings, pensions, and further labor market outcomes of two parallel educational reforms increasing instructional time in Swedish primary school. The reforms extended the annual term length and years of compulsory schooling by comparable amounts. We find striking differences in the effects of the two reforms: at 5% the returns to the term length extension were sizeable and benefited broad ranges of the population. The compulsory schooling extension had small (2%) albeit significant effects, which were possibly driven by an increase in post-compulsory schooling. Both reforms led to increased sorting into occupations with heavy reliance on basic skills and the term extension reduced the gender gap in employment and earnings.