International entrepreneurship beyond individuals and firms: On the systemic nature of international opportunities
从系统视角研究国际创业中的机会，基于活动理论提出机会导向型国际创业的系统概念化，并通过芬兰和以色列的实证研究描绘了六种集体机会信念及三种国际机会模态。
The present study approaches opportunities in international entrepreneurship from a systemic perspective. Based on research on the collectiveness of opportunities in international entrepreneurship and the concepts of activity and object from activity theory, we develop a systemic conceptualization of opportunity-oriented international entrepreneurship. Through an empirical study in Finland and Israel, we depict six collective opportunity beliefs, considered from the viewpoints of society, international venture, and outcome expectations. Furthermore, we induce three modalities for international opportunity as the object of collective activity and model systemic opportunity shaping as the core activity of international entrepreneurship.