Safety Net Investments in Children
研究了1990年以来美国儿童社会安全网项目（如医疗补助、EITC、CTC、SNAP等）的支出变化，发现几乎所有新增支出都流向了有收入和贫困线以上的家庭，并回顾了相关研究证据。
In this paper, we examine what groups of children are served by core childhood social safety net programs—including Medicaid, EITC, CTC, SNAP, and AFDC/TANF—and how they have changed over time. We find that virtually all gains in spending on the social safety net for children since 1990 have gone to families with earnings, and to families with income above the poverty line. These trends are the result of welfare reform and the expansion of in-work tax credits. We review the available research and find that access to safety net programs during childhood improves outcomes for children and society over the long run. This evidence suggests that the recent changes to the social safety net may have lasting negative effects on the poorest children.