Multiple Measures of Historical Intergenerational Mobility: Iowa 1915 to 1940
利用1915年爱荷华州人口普查和1940年联邦人口普查的父子匹配数据，从收入、教育、职业和姓氏等多个维度估计代际流动性，发现20世纪初爱荷华州的代际持续性较低。
Was intergenerational economic mobility high in the early twentieth century in the US? Comparisons of mobility across time are complicated by the constraints of the data available. I match fathers from the Iowa State Census of 1915 to their sons in the 1940 Federal Census, the first state and federal censuses with data on income and years of education. I can estimate intergenerational mobility between 1915 and 1940 based on earnings, education, occupation, and names. Across all these measures, I document broad consensus that rates of persistence were low in Iowa in the early twentieth century.