The impact of international trade on CO2 emissions in oil exporting countries: Territory vs consumption emissions accounting
研究了九个石油出口国中进出口对两种二氧化碳排放指标（消费排放和领土排放）的不同影响，发现进出口对消费排放有显著反向作用，而对领土排放无显著影响。
While international trade and Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have been well-studied, a panel of only oil-exporting developing economies has not been considered. This paper addresses that gap by investigating the role of the trade in CO2 emissions using a panel of nine oil exporting countries. In addition, we examine the impacts of exports and imports separately, and we consider two measures of CO2 emissions-those based on consumption, and thus, adjusted for trade, and those based on territory (i.e., the typical approach in the literature). The results from cointegration and error correction modeling show that exports and imports have statistically significant impacts of opposite signs on Consumption-based CO2 emissions in both the long- and short-run and that the effects of changes in the trade-CO2 emissions relationship will fully be absorbed around three years. However, exports and imports are statistically insignificant for Territory-based CO2 emissions.