Span of control, transaction costs, and the structure of production chains
将协调成本、交易成本等企业理论要素纳入生产链模型，分析均衡如何决定价格、任务分配、企业规模和活跃企业数量，并匹配关于企业边界、纵向一体化和价值链分工的典型事实。
This paper builds coordination costs, transaction costs, and other aspects of the theory of the firm into a production chain model with an infinite number of ex ante identical producers. The equilibrium determines prices, allocations of productive tasks across firms, firm sizes, and the number of active firms. These prices and allocations match several stylized facts on firm boundaries, vertical integration, and division of the value chain.