Stuck in the Past? The Influence of a Leader’s Past Cultural Experience on Group Culture and Positive and Negative Group Deviance
研究发现，领导者会将其过去作为追随者时所在群体的文化严苛程度转移到当前领导的群体中，这种转移受领导者对原群体的认同和任职时长影响，并进一步影响群体的正向和负向偏差行为。
Extant research on the antecedents of cultures has posited that cultures result from the internal and external changes experienced by the group (the functionality perspective) and from a group leader’s personal values and personality traits (the leader–trait perspective). The current study proposes another important but neglected antecedent of cultures: a leader’s past cultural experience. Specifically, we theorize that group leaders enact cultures based on their past cultural experiences, essentially transferring cultures from their former groups to their current groups. Two studies, one in the field (Study 1) and another in the laboratory (Study 2), reveal that the levels of cultural tightness in current groups are predicted by group leaders’ past experience with cultural tightness in their former groups in which they were followers. This relationship becomes stronger when the group leaders identified with or had longer tenure in their former groups. In addition, the cultural tightness that leaders transferred from their former groups to their current groups influences negative (counterproductive work behavior) and positive (promotive and prohibitive voice) forms of group deviance. The theoretical and managerial implications of our findings for leadership and culture are discussed.