Regional labor markets, commuting, and the economic impact of road pricing
研究了在集聚外部性和失业存在时，拥堵收费对经济整体和不同技能工人的福利影响，发现固定收费可能损害低技能城市居民，而结合时间敏感定价、扩容和收入再分配的政策可改善福利。
Cities provide the benefits that come with economic density but often face congested traffic and high unemployment. In this paper, we study economy-wide and distributional implications of congestion pricing in the presence of agglomeration externalities and unemployment. We develop a spatial general equilibrium model to show that indirect effects of time-invariant congestion tolls can lead to welfare losses for low-skilled urban residents by changing commuting patterns of high-skilled workers. Next, we reveal a set of policy designs that improve welfare across space and worker skill levels by combining time-sensitive road pricing, transport network capacity expansions, and toll revenue redistribution.