Five Configurations of Opportunism in International Market Entry
研究了中国出口商进入新市场时进口商的机会主义行为，发现没有单一变量能预测机会主义，而是五种变量组合形成五种构型，例如即使经验丰富的老企业进入远距离市场时也可能遭遇机会主义。
Abstract We investigate the conditions under which opportunism occurs in international market entry. Examining 133 entries into new markets by 38 Chinese exporters, we uncover instances of opportunistic behaviour on the part of importers. We study five variables affecting such behaviour: managerial experience, market entry share; market distance, young age, and network size . While we find no single variable on its own associated with opportunism, we do find that in concert they form five configurations of opportunism. In one configuration, even older firms with experienced managers and a large network are subject to partners behaving opportunistically when they are entering a distant market. We conclude that simplistic predictions based on the presence of a single antecedent should make way for a configurational approach whereby a set of conditions must be in place for opportunism to materialize.