European Unemployment: The Evolution of Facts and Ideas
回顾了1970年代以来欧洲失业率上升的历程，从最初关注经济冲击到后来聚焦制度因素，梳理了事实与理论的互动，并评估了已知与未知。
In the 1970s, European unemployment started increasing. It increased further in the 1980s, to reach a plateau in the 1990s. It is still high today, although the average unemployment rate hides a high degree of heterogeneity across countries. The focus of researchers and policy makers was initially on the role of shocks. As unemployment remained high, the focus has progressively shifted to institutions. This paper reviews the interaction of facts and theories, and gives a tentative assessment of what we know and what we still do not know.