Air Quality and Early-Life Mortality: Evidence from Indonesia's Wildfires
利用1997年印尼野火造成的空气污染，发现污染导致1.2%的受影响出生队列儿童死亡，且产前暴露影响最大，贫困地区影响更严重。
Smoke from massive wildfires blanketed Indonesia in late 1997. This paper examines the impact that this air pollution (particulate matter) had on fetal, infant, and child mortality. Exploiting the sharp timing and spatial patterns of the pollution and inferring deaths from "missing children" in the 2000 Indonesian Census, I find that the pollution led to 15,600 missing children in Indonesia (1.2 percent of the affected birth cohorts). Prenatal exposure to pollution drives the result. The effect size is much larger in poorer areas, suggesting that differential effects of pollution contribute to the socioeconomic gradient in health.