Collective Action and the Origins of the American Labor Movement
研究美国20世纪初工会形成与罢工的关系，发现中等规模工人群体和大雇主群体更易引发集体行动，对理解劳工运动起源有参考价值。
This article examines the relationship between collective action and the size of worker and employer groups in the United States. It proposes and tests a theory of union formation and strikes. Using a new county-by-industry level dataset containing the location of unions, the location of strikes, average establishment size, and the number of establishments around the turn of the twentieth century, I find that unions were more likely to form and strikes were more likely to occur in counties with intermediate-sized worker groups and large employer groups.