The Work and Wages of Single Women, 1870 to 1920
研究了1870-1920年美国单身女性的工资决定因素，发现制造业中计件工资普遍，经验带来收入快速增长但峰值较早，职业性别隔离与支付方式及家庭角色相关。
Single women dominated the U.S. female labor force from 1870 to 1920. Data on the home life and working conditions of single women in 1888 and 1907 enable the estimation of their earnings functions. Work in the manufacturing sector for these women was task-oriented and payment was frequently by the piece. Earnings rose steeply with experience and peaked early; learning was mainly on-the-job. Occupational segregation by sex was a partial product of the method of payment, and the early termination of human capital investment was a function of the life-cycle labor force participation of these women, although the role of the family was also critical.