Immigration and the Welfare State: Immigrant Participation in Means-Tested Entitlement Programs
比较了移民与本土居民在各类福利项目中的参与率，发现移民家庭获得现金福利的概率略高，但若计入其他福利项目，21%的移民家庭获得某种援助，而本土家庭仅为14%。早期移民的福利类型会影响新移民，可能存在传递福利信息的族裔网络。
This paper documents the extent to which immigrants participate in the many programs that make up the welfare state. The immigrant-native difference in the probability of receiving cash benefits is small, but the gap widens once other programs are included in the analysis: 21 percent of immigrant households receive some type of assistance, as compared with only 14 percent of native households. The types of benefits received by earlier immigrants influence the types of benefits received by newly arrived immigrants. Hence there might be ethnic networks that transmit information about the availability of particular benefits to new immigrants.