Health Insurance Eligibility, Utilization of Medical Care, and Child Health
利用1984-1992年间美国Medicaid对低收入儿童资格扩张的自然实验，发现资格扩张显著增加了医疗服务利用（尤其是门诊）并降低了儿童死亡率，尽管参保率远未饱和。
We study the effect of public insurance for children on their utilization of medical care and health outcomes by exploiting recent expansions of the Medicaid program to low-income children. These expansions doubled the fraction of children eligible for Medicaid between 1984 and 1992. Take-up of these expansions was much less than full, however, even among otherwise uninsured children. Despite this take-up problem, eligibility for Medicaid significantly increased the utilization of medical care, particularly care delivered in physicians' offices. Increased eligibility was also associated with a sizable and significant reduction in child mortality.