Structural Transformation and the Deterioration of European Labor Market Outcomes
比较了1956年至2003年欧洲与美国的工作时间，发现欧洲工作时间相对美国下降了近45%，主要原因是欧洲市场服务部门规模较小，而税收增加和技术追赶可以解释大部分差异。
This paper examines hours worked in continental Europe and the United States from 1956 to 2003. The empirical work establishes two results. First, hours worked in Europe decline by almost 45 percent compared to the United States over this period. Second, this decline is almost entirely accounted for by the fact that Europe develops a much smaller market service sector than the United States. A simple model of time allocation is used to understand these patterns. I find that relative increases in taxes and technological catch-up can account for most of the differences between the European and American time allocations over this period. (c) 2008 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.