Do Apprenticeships Pay? Evidence for England
利用英格兰行政数据追踪年轻离校者进入劳动力市场的过程，发现学徒制在短期内带来正向平均收入回报，但不同行业间差异显著，且是性别收入差距的重要驱动因素。
Abstract The importance of apprenticeships for early labour market transitions varies across countries and over time. In recent times, there has been a policy drive to increase the number of people undertaking apprenticeships in England. This is regarded as important for addressing poor productivity. We investigate whether there is a positive return to undertaking an apprenticeship for young people. We use detailed administrative data to track recent cohorts of young school leavers as they transition to the labour market. Our results suggest that apprenticeships lead to a positive average earnings return (at least in the short run), although there is stark variation between sectors. This is an important driver of the gender gap in earnings.