Innovation Offshoring, Institutional Context and Innovation Performance: A Meta‐Analysis
这项元分析综合了48个样本的证据，发现创新离岸外包与创新绩效正相关，且这种关系受母国制度环境调节：当母国创新体系薄弱时，离岸外包有助于制度套利；儒家文化则促进反向知识转移。
Abstract Innovation offshoring (IO) has become a widespread management practice. Yet, evidence on the performance implications is inconsistent, and scattered across disciplines and contexts. We argue that the benefits firms can derive from IO depend on the institutional environment at home. Drawing on recent work on institutional theory in international business, we explore institutions that facilitate reverse knowledge transfer and/or institutional arbitrage with respect to innovation‐related activities. The results of our meta‐analysis that synthesizes evidence from 48 samples show that IO is related positively to innovation performance. As predicted, this relationship is moderated by differences in the institutional environments across countries. Specifically, when national innovation systems are weak at home, IO appears to enable institutional arbitrage strategy whereas Confucian cultures enable more effective reverse knowledge transfer. However, contrary to our expectations, the beneficial effects of IO appear to have diminished over time.