The Experience of Improvising in Organizations: A Creative Process Perspective
探讨组织中人们如何体验即兴创作，将其视为创造性过程，发现即兴创作同时引发兴奋与恐惧，且常被组织规范所抑制，导致员工避免使用或仅作为最后手段。
In this paper, we explore how improvisation is experienced by people in organizations, conceptualizing improvisation as a creative process. We draw on a small number of scholarly accounts of the experience of improvising in organizations, and compare and contrast them with accounts from the performing arts. In both cases, improvising evokes simultaneous exhilaration and fear, as well as experiences of nongoal-directed action. In many organizational contexts, however, improvisation is normatively discouraged, which heightens the fearful aspect of the experience. This leads many workers to avoid improvising, using it as a method of last resort and even hiding its use. Thus, improvisation is seldom used in favorable circumstances or practiced to the point of familiarity or expertise. We discuss the implications of these insights for research and practice of improvisation and creativity in organizations, and propose a research agenda for the experience of improvising in organizations.