Contemporaneous and Granger causality among US corn cash and futures prices
研究了2006年1月至2011年3月美国玉米期货与七个主产州现货价格之间的同期和格兰杰因果关系，发现期货对现货有同期和样本内格兰杰因果关系，但样本外检验不支持。
Abstract This paper examines contemporaneous and Granger causality among US corn futures and seven cash prices from major producing states for January 2006–March 2011. Causal flows from futures to cash prices are identified with contemporaneous and in-sample Granger causality tests but not with the out-of-sample Granger causality test. While no interstate in-sample or out-of-sample Granger causality is found, contemporaneous causal linkages are revealed. No causality from cash to futures prices is determined.