The Place Premium: Bounding the Price Equivalent of Migration Barriers
利用美国及42个来源国的微观数据，通过移民选择理论估算劳动力迁移壁垒的价格等价物，发现低技能男性每年人均超过13,700美元，自然与政策壁垒每年造成全球数万亿美元损失。
Large international differences in the price of labor can be sustained by differences between workers or by natural and policy barriers to worker mobility. We use migrant selection theory and evidence to place lower bounds on the ad valorem equivalent of labor mobility barriers to the United States, with unique nationally representative microdata on both U.S. immigrant workers and workers in their 42 home countries. The average price equivalent of migration barriers in this setting for low-skill men is greater than $13,700 per worker per year. Natural and policy barriers may each create annual global losses of trillions of dollars.