Voter Turnout with Peer Punishment
研究了政党如何策略性地选择投票参与的社会规范，并通过同伴监督和惩罚来执行这些规范，分析了不同执行成本下大小政党的优势差异。
We introduce a model where social norms of voting participation are strategically chosen by competing political parties and determine voters’ turnout. Social norms must be enforced through costly peer monitoring and punishment. When the cost of enforcement of social norms is low, the larger party is always advantaged. Otherwise, in the spirit of Olson (1965), the smaller party may be advantaged. Our model shares features of the ethical voter model and it delivers novel and empirically relevant comparative statics results.