Parental Employment and their Quality Time with Children
利用日本纵向调查数据，研究了父母就业状态与陪伴孩子进行阅读、辅导作业和共同进餐等质量时间的关系，发现全职母亲会减少辅导作业时间，父亲部分补偿但总量仍少于全职母亲家庭，且父亲超长工作时间会进一步减少质量时间。
We use data from the Japanese Longitudinal Survey on Employment and Fertility (LOSEF) to examine the relationship between parental employment and their quality time with children. Specifically, we focus on three quality-time activities : reading together, helping with homework, and eating together. We find that while mothers working full-time spend less time helping children with homework than those who do not work full-time, fathers compensate for some of this lost quality time. Combined, however, the total time spent by parents with full-time working mothers on helping with homework is less than that of parents with stay-at home mothers; therefore, fathers make up for some but not all of the quality time lost. We also find that fathers who workover 60 hours per week spend less time on helping with homework and eating together than those who do not work more than 60 hours. Incidentally, mothers with at least some college education and fathers with a college education spend more time reading to their children than their less-educated counterparts. If fathers can reduce their long working hours, there is potential for them to increase quality time with their children. As a result, fathers might be able to help mothers reduce time with their children, thereby facilitating mothers' participation in the labor market.